This bill permanently classifies all fentanyl-related substances (chemical variations of the drug fentanyl) as the most tightly restricted type of drug under federal law, meaning they're treated as having no accepted medical use and carrying strict criminal penalties for making, selling, or trafficking them. People caught with 100 grams or more of these substances would face a mandatory minimum 10-year prison sentence, the same threshold already used for fentanyl itself. The bill also makes it easier for scientists to get approved to study these substances by simplifying the registration and inspection process, so legitimate researchers face less red tape even as criminal penalties for illegal trafficking stay strict. Finally, it states that Congress agrees with a 2018 court ruling that allowed a specific fentanyl-related chemical to be prosecuted the same way as fentanyl analogues, even though the law's technical wording might have excluded it.