Federal agencies—the parts of government that write rules affecting things like workplace safety, pollution limits, or food labeling—would have to follow new requirements when they use research or data to justify those rules. They'd need to publish the key facts and evidence they relied on, cite where that information came from, and give the public a chance to comment on it before finalizing rules or guidance. The office in charge of coordinating how the executive branch runs (OMB) would be responsible for writing the detailed instructions agencies must follow to make this happen. In practice, this means businesses, advocacy groups, and ordinary citizens could more easily see and challenge the evidence behind new federal regulations before they take effect.