The bill tightens SNAP (food stamp) work requirements by raising the age limit to 65 and requiring parents of teens to work, cuts federal funding for state SNAP administration costs, and requires states with high payment error rates to start covering part of the benefit costs themselves starting in 2028. It also boosts payments to farmers through crop insurance, commodity support programs (like Price Loss Coverage and Agriculture Risk Coverage), and disaster assistance, while cutting funding for forest conservation grants created under the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act.

The bill permanently locks in the 2017 tax cuts, including current income tax rates and a higher standard deduction, and temporarily creates new deductions for tips, overtime pay, and interest on car loans through 2028. It raises the cap on deducting state and local taxes to $40,000 through 2029, increases the amount exempt from estate taxes to $15 million, and creates a new "Trump account" savings account for children with a one-time $1,000 government deposit for those born 2025-2028. It also ends several clean energy tax credits (for electric vehicles, home energy efficiency, and solar/wind power) early and raises taxes on money sent abroad (remittances) by 1%.

Starting in 2027, most adults covered under Medicaid expansion will need to work, volunteer, or study at least 80 hours a month to keep coverage, and some will face new copays up to $35 per visit. The bill restricts Medicaid and Medicare eligibility to citizens and certain lawfully present immigrants, cuts federal payments to states that expanded Medicaid, and defunds certain nonprofit health clinics that provide abortions. It also delays several Biden-era rules, including nursing home minimum staffing requirements and simplified enrollment processes, for a decade.

The bill eliminates graduate student "Grad PLUS" loans starting in 2026, caps how much students and parents can borrow, and replaces existing income-based repayment plans with just two options going forward. It boosts Pell Grant funding by $10.5 billion for 2026 but makes students ineligible if outside grants cover their full costs, and it restores an exemption so family farms and small businesses don't count as assets when students apply for federal aid.

The bill provides over $170 billion combined for border wall construction, Border Patrol and ICE staffing, immigration detention facilities, and deportation operations through 2029. It also creates dozens of new fees for immigrants, including charges for asylum applications, work permits, and immigration court filings, some of which previously were free or capped at lower amounts.

The Department of Defense receives roughly $150 billion in additional funding for shipbuilding, missile defense, drones, nuclear weapons programs, and military housing improvements. Separately, the bill expands oil, gas, and coal leasing on federal lands by cutting royalty rates and mandating more lease sales, while cutting funding for numerous EPA and Interior Department climate and clean-energy programs.